«Ни страха божьего, ни стыда перед людьми». Маранская община – общество вины или общество стыда?

Аннотация

The article examines Spanish converted Jews’ (Marranos’) behavior, axiology, and interaction with the Inquisition in the light of the binary opposition of guilt vs. shame societies that has been established in cultural anthropology due to Ruth Benedict. Analysis of the languages used in discourse on Conversos (the crown discourse, the Inquisition discourse, and the auto-discourse by Conversos themselves preserved in inquisitorial records) demonstrates that the Inquisition forced the religious notions of faith, law, and sin, as well as clear distinguishing between Christians and Jews, upon Marranos, who otherwise tended to use social categories of fame, honor, and dishonor. Carlo Ginzburg, having researched the translations from the vernacular of the interrogation records of a miller from Friuli into the language of the church, raised the issue of translation in the work of the Inquisition. This article reveals the bilingualism and translation mechanism of a different kind – translation of the social categories vivid in the Marrano parlance and mentality into the religious categories used and enforced by the inquisitors.